MK Ultra: the proven illegal operations of the cia on american citizens
The conspiracy wasn't a theory. it HAPPENED.
The MKULTRA project was a mind control program developed by the CIA (then referred to as the Office of Strategic Services (OSS)).
It was an illegal and clandestine program that condoned and conducted experiments on human subjects, some within the borders of the USA. Experiments on humans were intended to identify drugs and hypnotic procedures to weaken human willpower and force confessions of vital intelligence information. With it's sights set on the eventual use against foreign captured intelligence assets, the program developed urgency and continued into reckless endangerment of Americans and even children.
The program began in the early 1950's and was officially sanctioned by the government in 1953. MKULTRA used numerous methods to manipulate and alter the awareness, willpower and resistance of experiment subjects. Those methods included administration of sometimes lethal doses of illegal drugs (especially LSD) and chemical compounds used for 'truth' serums. This also included the frequent abuse of behavior control methods and torture such as hypnosis, sleep deprivation, isolation, verbal and sexual abuse and mind-control methods.
Research under the MKUltra was undertaken at over 80 institutions, including 44 American colleges and universities, 14 hospitals and pharmaceutical companies in the US and Canada. The CIA ran experiments through front companies and organizations and with the exception of senior executives, the involvement of the CIA was largely unknown to the participants and medical staff.
Accordin to the US Supreme Court, the MKUltra project involved:
"the research and development of chemical, biological, and radiological materials capable of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior." The program consisted of some 149 subprojects which the Agency contracted out to various universities, research foundations, and similar institutions. At least 80 institutions and 185 private researchers participated. Because the Agency funded MKULTRA indirectly, many of the participating individuals were unaware that they were dealing with the Agency."
(Note 1)
It was an illegal and clandestine program that condoned and conducted experiments on human subjects, some within the borders of the USA. Experiments on humans were intended to identify drugs and hypnotic procedures to weaken human willpower and force confessions of vital intelligence information. With it's sights set on the eventual use against foreign captured intelligence assets, the program developed urgency and continued into reckless endangerment of Americans and even children.
The program began in the early 1950's and was officially sanctioned by the government in 1953. MKULTRA used numerous methods to manipulate and alter the awareness, willpower and resistance of experiment subjects. Those methods included administration of sometimes lethal doses of illegal drugs (especially LSD) and chemical compounds used for 'truth' serums. This also included the frequent abuse of behavior control methods and torture such as hypnosis, sleep deprivation, isolation, verbal and sexual abuse and mind-control methods.
Research under the MKUltra was undertaken at over 80 institutions, including 44 American colleges and universities, 14 hospitals and pharmaceutical companies in the US and Canada. The CIA ran experiments through front companies and organizations and with the exception of senior executives, the involvement of the CIA was largely unknown to the participants and medical staff.
Accordin to the US Supreme Court, the MKUltra project involved:
"the research and development of chemical, biological, and radiological materials capable of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior." The program consisted of some 149 subprojects which the Agency contracted out to various universities, research foundations, and similar institutions. At least 80 institutions and 185 private researchers participated. Because the Agency funded MKULTRA indirectly, many of the participating individuals were unaware that they were dealing with the Agency."
(Note 1)
George Estabrooks was the leading proponent of hypnosis as the be-all and end-all of manipulating peoples minds. His book, 'Hypnotism', published in the early forties, has been decried as too fantastic and improbable in terms of describing the capabilities of hypnosis with certain very suggestible subjects, but his arguments and examples remain valid to this day.
"In this summary of Bluebird, Dr. Ross describes unethical experiments conducted by psychiatrists to create amnesia, new identities, hypnotic access codes, and new memories in the minds of experimental subjects. His research is based on 15,000 pages of documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act. Dr. Ross is a past president of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation."
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Frank Rudolph Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. In rural Maryland, he was covertly dosed with LSD by his CIA supervisor and, nine day's later, plunged to his death from the window of a New York hotel room. Some — including the U.S. government — term his death a suicide, while others allege murder.
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In 1977, during a hearing held by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, to look further into MKUltra, Admiral Stansfield Turner, then Director of Central Intelligence, revealed that the CIA had found a set of records, consisting of about 20,000 pages,[citation needed] that had survived the 1973 destruction orders because they had been stored at a records center not usually used for such documents. These files dealt with the financing of MKUltra projects and contained few project details, however much more was learned from them than from the Inspector General's 1963 report.
On the Senate floor in 1977, Senator Ted Kennedy said: “The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed that over thirty universities and institutions were involved in an "extensive testing and experimentation" program which included covert drug tests on unwitting citizens "at all social levels, high and low, native Americans and foreign." Several of these tests involved the administration of LSD to "unwitting subjects in social situations." At least one death, that of Dr. Olson, resulted from these activities. The Agency itself acknowledged that these tests made little scientific sense. The agents doing the monitoring were not qualified scientific observers.” |
Image sources unknown. Seeking information for source.
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recommended reading / references
Note 1: 471 U.S. 159 (1985) Central Intelligence Agency et al. v. Sims et. al. No. 83-1075. Supreme Court of United States. Argued December 4, 1984 Decided April 16, 1985
- Here is a COMPLETE archive of every MKUltra document ever released to 1964. Click here. (opens new window/tab)
Jo Thomas (3 Sep 1977). "C.I.A Says It Found More Secret Papers on Behavior Control: Senate Panel Puts Off Hearing to Study Data Dozen Witnesses Said To Have Misled Inquiry C.I.A. Tells Of Finding Secret Data". New York Times.
: "Project MKUltra, the Central Intelligence Agency's Program of Research into Behavioral Modification. Joint Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United State Senate, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session". U.S. Government Printing Office (copy hosted at the New York Times website). August 8, 1977. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
Chapter 3: Supreme Court Dissents Invoke the Nuremberg Code: CIA and DOD Human Subjects Research Scandals
U.S. Senate Report on CIA MKULTRA Behavioral Modification Program 1977 | Public Intelligence
Richelson, JT (ed.) (2001-09-10). "Science, Technology and the CIA: A National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book". George Washington University. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
"Chapter 3, part 4: Supreme Court Dissents Invoke the Nuremberg Code: CIA and DOD Human Subjects Research Scandals". Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Final Report. Retrieved 2005-08-24.
"The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence". Church Committee report, no. 94-755, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. Washington, D.C..: United States Congress. 1976. p. 392.
Dick Russell (2008). On the trail of the JFK assassins. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 273.
: a b Horrock, Nicholas M. (4 Aug 1977). "80 Institutions Used in C.I.A. Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control Research Bars Drug Testing Now". New York Times.
: a b United States Senate, 95th Congress, 1st session (3 August 1977). Project MKUltra, The CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification. Joint Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources (Report).
CIA v. Sims, 471 U.S. 159, 161-162 (1985)
"An Interview with Richard Helms". Central Intelligence Agency. 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
: a b "Private Institutions Used In C.I.A Effort To Control Behavior. 25-Year, $25 Million Program. New Information About Funding and Operations Disclosed by Documents and Interviews Private Institutions Used in C.I.A. Plan". New York Times. August 2, 1977. Retrieved 2014-07-30. Several prominent medical research institutions and Government hospitals in the United States and Canada were involved in a secret, 25-year, $25-million effort by the Central Intelligence Agency to learn how to control the human mind. ... Dr. Harris Isbell, who conducted the research between 1952 and 1963, kept up a secret correspondence with the C.I.A.
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Church Committee; p. 390 "MKUltra was approved by the DCI [Director of Central Intelligence] on April 13, 1953"
"Chapter 3, part 4: Supreme Court Dissents Invoke the Nuremberg Code: CIA and DOD Human Subjects Research Scandals". Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Final Report. Retrieved August 24, 2005. "MKUltra, began in 1950 and was motivated largely in response to alleged Soviet, Chinese, and North Korean uses of mind-control techniques on U.S. prisoners of war in Korea."
Church Committee; p. 391 "A special procedure, designated MKDELTA, was established to govern the use of MKUltra materials abroad. Such materials were used on a number of occasions."
Church Committee; "The congressional committee investigating the CIA research, chaired by Senator Frank Church, concluded that '[p]rior consent was obviously not obtained from any of the subjects.'"
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: a b "Chapter 3, part 4: Supreme Court Dissents Invoke the Nuremberg Code: CIA and DOD Human Subjects Research Scandals". Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Final Report. Retrieved April 16, 2013. (identical sentence) "Because most of the MK-ULTRA records were deliberately destroyed in 1973 ... MK-ULTRA and the related CIA programs."
: a b c Rupert Cornwell (March 16, 1999). "OBITUARY: SIDNEY GOTTLIEB". The Independent (London). Retrieved 25 June 2012.
: a b McCoy, Alfred (2006). A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation from the Cold War to the War on Terror. New York: Metropolitan Books. pp. 8, 22, 30. ISBN 0-8050-8041-4.
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: a b "Senate MKUltra Hearing: Appendix C--Documents Referring to Subprojects, (page 167, in PDF document page numbering)." (PDF). Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and Committee on Human Resources. August 3, 1977. Archived from the original on 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
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: a b The Search for the Manchurian Candidate - Chapter 4
: a b Tim Weiner (10 Mar 1999). "Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A.". New York Times. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
: a b Rappoport, J. (1995). CIA Experiments With Mind Control on Children. Perceptions Magazine, p.56.
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: a b Lee, M. A., Shlain, B. (1985). Acid Dreams, the Complete Social History of LSD: the CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond. Grove Press.
NPR Fresh Air. June 28, 2007 and Tim Weiner, The Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA.
"Declassified". Michael-robinett.com. Retrieved 2010-03-26.[dead link]
Marks, John (1979). The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. New York: Times Books. pp. 40–42. ISBN 0-8129-0773-6.
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: a b Elizabeth Nickson (October 16, 1994). "MIND CONTROL: MY MOTHER, THE CIA AND LSD". The Observer.
: a b Prepared Statement of Admiral Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence[dead link]. ParaScope.
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: a b Quote from "Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans Health? Lessons Spanning Half A Century", part F. HALLUCINOGENS 103rd Congress, 2nd Session-S. Prt. 103-97; Staff Report prepared for the committee on veterans' affairs December 8, 1994 John D. Rockefeller IV, West Virginia, Chairman. Online copy provided by gulfweb.org, which describes itself as "Serving the Gulf War Veteran Community Worldwide Since 1994". (The same document is available from many other (unofficial) sites, which may or may not be independent.)
: a b c H. P. Albarelli (2009). A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiments. Trine Day. pp. 350–58, 490, 581–83, 686–92. ISBN 0-9777953-7-3.
: a b Marks 1979: chapter 5.
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